Empirical Capacity Measurements of Electric Vehicles Subject to Battery Degradation From V2G Services

Accelerated battery degradation, resulting in a reduced capacity, is the main concern when discussing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services. This paper gives unique empirical insight into long-term effects on batteries performing an energy demanding V2G service. To this end, extensive method for measuring capacity of series produced electric vehicles (EVs) via DC charge port was developed. The reproducibility demonstrated with repeated tests new and aged results are compared EVs internal estimates, read on-board diagnostics port. also validated state-of-the-art degradation model. test used to evaluate fleet commercially owned which, as part world's first commercial operation, have been services five years. have, together ±10 kW chargers, delivering primary frequency regulation 15 hours per day daily throughput 50.6 kWh. usable initially found be 23 kWh, after two years average 20.7 kWh 18.9